Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (% of GNI)

The financial toll of particulate emissions on a nation's economy is quantified by assessing the loss in labor income attributed to premature mortality linked to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including both outdoor air pollution and indoor pollutants from solid fuel use in households. This indicator reflects the broader health implications of particulate exposure, drawing insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study and encompassing historical data from 1990 to 2013, with extrapolations made for subsequent years based on mortality trends. By quantifying these health impacts as a percentage of Gross National Income (GNI), it provides a crucial lens through which policymakers can evaluate the economic worth of implementing cleaner air initiatives and improving public health, ultimately promoting sustainable development strategies that prioritize both environmental quality and economic resilience. Source: