PPG, private creditors (NFL, US$)

This financial indicator encapsulates the landscape of public and publicly guaranteed debt sourced from private creditors, encompassing a diverse array of instruments such as bonds—whether publicly issued or discreetly placed—alongside bank loans from private banking institutions and other financial entities. It also includes private credits extended by manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers, with an added layer of security from export credit agencies. The figure represents net flows—essentially the net lending practices of a borrower over the year—calculated by subtracting principal repayments from total disbursements. Presented in current U.S. dollars, this metric provides crucial insights into the borrowing dynamics and debt sustainability for governments, offering a clearer picture of reliance on private sector financing. Source: