Total greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)

This metric reflects the annual variation in overall greenhouse gas emissions, indicating the percentage difference from a baseline year of 1990. It encompasses a comprehensive range of factors, excluding CO2 emissions from short-cycle biomass combustion like agricultural residue and savanna burning, while including emissions from significant biomass fires, decaying peatlands, and all human-related methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases (F-gases) such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). By examining the percentage change from this established benchmark, the indicator serves as a crucial gauge for evaluating progress toward climate objectives, identifying trends in emission reductions, and shaping future policies to mitigate climate impact, while highlighting the importance of sustainable land management. Source: