The infant mortality rate serves as a vital indicator of a nation's healthcare quality and child welfare, reflecting the number of
deaths of children under one year of age for every 1,000 live births. This metric is derived from data collected during a specified reference period, typically encompassing ten years prior to demographic health surveys (DHS), while multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) may utilize a shorter timeframe of three to five years. By examining these trends, policymakers and health organizations can identify
underlying factors contributing to infant mortality, inform targeted interventions, and allocate resources effectively to enhance maternal and child health services. Continuous monitoring of this rate is critical for assessing progress toward global health goals and ensuring the well-being of future generations.
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